Clinical outcomes
A percentage describes a proportion in the stated group. A risk ratio compares two risks: 1 means equal risks and 2 means twice the risk in the specified comparison. Association alone does not establish causation.
EVIDENCE · SOURCE AND ATTRIBUTION
Explore the research behind the work.
Inspect research governed by microscopIA and work developed in collaboration. Follow each record to its source and scientific context.
Governed projects and collaborations
Explore independent member work →A selection of microscopIA research, not the complete portfolio. Some governed projects are not displayed because of nondisclosure agreements or information-protection measures before publication.
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Curation and scientific governance
Interpret findings alongside the study design, population and limitations. Submission or review does not mean acceptance. Preprints have not completed journal peer review.
Curation and scientific governance →How to read the numbers
Number needed to treat
The estimated number of people treated for one additional benefit over a specified period and comparator. It depends on baseline risk and uncertainty.
Methods source ↗Health economics
A quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) combines length and quality of life. Net monetary benefit values health gains at the stated threshold, then subtracts costs. A cost-effectiveness probability describes model uncertainty, not the probability that a patient improves.
Methods source ↗Comparisons and precision
Read group order, units, design and follow-up with each estimate. Consult the source for confidence intervals and limitations.
microscopIA GovernedmicroscopIA CollaborationIndependent Network Record10 projects
Pediatric trauma and reconstructive surgery
Staged orthoplastic reconstruction of an 8-cm open Achilles tendon defect after crush trauma in a 7-year-old child: a case report
Preprint available · Under review at Journal of Medical Case Reports
- Study design
- Clinical case report
- Geography
- Colombia
This case report describes the staged orthoplastic reconstruction of an 8-cm open Achilles tendon defect following crush trauma in a 7-year-old child, focusing on the reconstructive strategy used to restore tendon continuity and soft-tissue coverage after severe injury.
Design, provenance, metrics and authors
- Study design
- Clinical case report
- Geography
- Colombia
- Preprint record
- Research Square · 2026-07-17 · v1 · CC BY 4.0
- Verification source
- Research Square
Public source
Public reference available
Interpret findings alongside the study design, population and limitations.
Submission or review does not mean acceptance. Preprints have not completed journal peer review.
Report a record correction →Pediatric traumaAchilles tendonOrthoplastic reconstructionPediatric orthopedicsReconstructive surgeryReverse sural flapSemitendinosus autograftCase report+1 more
Capabilities involvedResearch & EpidemiologyBiomedical Engineering & DevicesScientific Publication
Authors and manuscript affiliations +
microscopIA scientists
External collaborators
Record reviewed
Retinopathy of prematurity and health economics
Economic evaluation of topical ketorolac and nepafenac prophylaxis for early-stage retinopathy of prematurity: a multicenter real-world study in Colombia
Preprint available · Under review at Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation
- Study design
- Multicenter real-world economic evaluation
- Geography
- Colombia · 14 centers
This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of topical ketorolac and nepafenac prophylaxis for early-stage retinopathy of prematurity using multicenter real-world clinical and economic data from Colombia.
Design, provenance, metrics and authors
- Study design
- Multicenter real-world economic evaluation
- Geography
- Colombia · 14 centers
- Initiative
- Global Retinopathy of Prematurity Observatory
- Preprint record
- Research Square · v1
- Verification source
- Research Square
Public source
Public reference available
Interpret findings alongside the study design, population and limitations.
Submission or review does not mean acceptance. Preprints have not completed journal peer review.
Report a record correction →Retinopathy of prematurityHealth economicsCost-effectivenessReal-world evidenceKetorolacNepafenacNSAIDsProphylaxis+4 more
Selected study metrics +
48 ketorolac, 98 nepafenac and 46 historical surveillance comparators.
Capabilities involvedHealth EconomicsResearch & EpidemiologyData Science & Statistics
Authors and manuscript affiliations +
microscopIA scientists
External collaborators
Record reviewed
Retinopathy of prematurity
Topical ketorolac and nepafenac prophylaxis in early retinopathy of prematurity: real-world clinical evidence from a multicenter care network in Colombia
Preprint available · Revision at BMC Pediatrics
- Study design
- Multicenter real-world cohort
- Geography
- Colombia · multicenter care network
This study evaluates real-world clinical outcomes associated with topical ketorolac and nepafenac prophylaxis for early-stage retinopathy of prematurity across a multicenter care network in Colombia.
Design, provenance, metrics and authors
- Study design
- Multicenter real-world cohort
- Geography
- Colombia · multicenter care network
- Initiative
- Global Retinopathy of Prematurity Observatory
- Preprint record
- Research Square · v1
- Verification source
- Research Square
Public source
Public reference available
Interpret findings alongside the study design, population and limitations.
Submission or review does not mean acceptance. Preprints have not completed journal peer review.
Report a record correction →Retinopathy of prematurityReal-world evidenceKetorolacNepafenacTopical NSAIDsProphylaxisClinical outcomesPediatric ophthalmology+3 more
Selected study metrics +
48 ketorolac, 98 nepafenac and 46 historical surveillance comparators.
Observational estimate, not a randomized efficacy result.
Capabilities involvedResearch & EpidemiologyData Science & StatisticsScientific Publication
Selected authors and manuscript affiliations +
This is a selected list. The linked publication contains the complete, authoritative author and affiliation list.
microscopIA scientists
External collaborators
Record reviewed
Transplantation and health-system access
Graft-specific travel-time accessibility and underserved zones in Colombia’s transplant system
Preprint available · Under review at BMC Public Health
- Study design
- National cross-sectional geospatial analysis
- Geography
- Colombia · national
This study evaluates graft-specific geographic accessibility to transplant-capable services across Colombia and identifies populations living beyond clinically relevant travel-time thresholds to support transplant-network planning and identify underserved areas.
Design, provenance, metrics and authors
- Study design
- National cross-sectional geospatial analysis
- Geography
- Colombia · national
- Preprint record
- Research Square · 2026-07-23 · v1 · CC BY 4.0
- Verification source
- Research Square
Public source
Public reference available
Interpret findings alongside the study design, population and limitations.
Submission or review does not mean acceptance. Preprints have not completed journal peer review.
Report a record correction →TransplantationGeospatial analysisGeographic accessibilityTravel-time accessibilityHealth systemsHealth equityHealth system planningService accessibility+3 more
Capabilities involvedGeospatial & Access AnalysisPolicy & Decision IntelligenceResearch & Epidemiology
Authors and manuscript affiliations +
microscopIA scientists
Record reviewed
Retinopathy of prematurity and health economics
Cost-effectiveness of bevacizumab versus ranibizumab for treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity: a multicenter real-world cohort study
Preprint available · Under review at Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation
- Study design
- Multicenter real-world cohort and economic evaluation
- Geography
- Colombia · 14 centers
This study compares the cost-effectiveness of bevacizumab and ranibizumab for treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity using multicenter real-world clinical and economic data.
Design, provenance, metrics and authors
- Study design
- Multicenter real-world cohort and economic evaluation
- Geography
- Colombia · 14 centers
- Initiative
- Global Retinopathy of Prematurity Observatory
- Preprint record
- Research Square · v1
- Verification source
- Research Square
Public source
Public reference available
Interpret findings alongside the study design, population and limitations.
Submission or review does not mean acceptance. Preprints have not completed journal peer review.
Report a record correction →Retinopathy of prematurityHealth economicsCost-effectivenessAnti-VEGFBevacizumabRanibizumabReal-world evidenceMulticenter cohort+3 more
Selected study metrics +
Observed retreatment after bevacizumab and ranibizumab, respectively.
Incremental net value favoring bevacizumab at the study threshold.
Share of probabilistic simulations favoring bevacizumab.
Capabilities involvedHealth EconomicsResearch & EpidemiologyData Science & Statistics
Selected authors and manuscript affiliations +
This is a selected list. The linked publication contains the complete, authoritative author and affiliation list.
microscopIA scientists
External collaborators
Record reviewed
Critical care access and health-system planning
Prolonged travel time to intensive care in Colombia: a national analysis to inform critical care policy and network design
Preprint available · Under review at Scientific Reports
Principal investigators: Dr. Joseph L. Nates · Dr. Agamenón Quintero Villarreal · Jorge Racedo
- Study design
- National geospatial accessibility analysis
- Geography
- Colombia · national
This study evaluates population-level travel-time access to intensive-care services across Colombia and identifies areas with prolonged geographic access to inform critical-care policy, service planning, and network design.
Design, provenance, metrics and authors
- Study design
- National geospatial accessibility analysis
- Geography
- Colombia · national
- Initiative
- Global Critical Care Observatory
- Preprint record
- Research Square · 2026-07-17 · v1 · CC BY 4.0
- Verification source
- Research Square
Public source
Public reference available
Interpret findings alongside the study design, population and limitations.
Submission or review does not mean acceptance. Preprints have not completed journal peer review.
Report a record correction →Critical careIntensive careICUGeospatial analysisGeographic accessibilityTravel-time accessibilityHealth systemsHealth policy+5 more
Selected study metrics +
Capabilities involvedGeospatial & Access AnalysisPolicy & Decision IntelligenceResearch & Epidemiology
Selected authors and manuscript affiliations +
This is a selected list. The linked publication contains the complete, authoritative author and affiliation list.
microscopIA scientists
External collaborators
Record reviewed
Retinopathy of prematurity workforce and access
Retinopathy of prematurity care in Colombia: workforce distribution, geographic accessibility, and emerging practice patterns
Preprint available · Under review at Scientific Reports
- Study design
- National workforce and travel-time accessibility analysis
- Geography
- Colombia · 1,103 municipalities
This study characterizes the distribution of the retinopathy of prematurity workforce in Colombia, evaluates geographic accessibility to care, and examines emerging practice patterns to identify gaps relevant to national service planning.
Design, provenance, metrics and authors
- Study design
- National workforce and travel-time accessibility analysis
- Geography
- Colombia · 1,103 municipalities
- Initiative
- Global Retinopathy of Prematurity Observatory
- Preprint record
- Research Square · v1
- Verification source
- Research Square
Public source
Public reference available
Interpret findings alongside the study design, population and limitations.
Submission or review does not mean acceptance. Preprints have not completed journal peer review.
Report a record correction →Retinopathy of prematurityPediatric ophthalmologyWorkforceGeographic accessibilityTravel-time accessibilityGeospatial analysisHealth systemsHealth equity+2 more
Selected study metrics +
Capabilities involvedGeospatial & Access AnalysisPolicy & Decision IntelligenceResearch & Epidemiology
Selected authors and manuscript affiliations +
This is a selected list. The linked publication contains the complete, authoritative author and affiliation list.
microscopIA scientists
External collaborators
Record reviewed
Obstetric critical care
Prognostic Instruments in Obstetric Critical Care: A Systematic Review of Intended Use, Validation, Calibration, and Clinical Readiness
Submitted · Submitted at Critical Care Medicine
Principal investigators: Dr. Joseph L. Nates · Jorge Racedo
- Study design
- Systematic review
- Geography
- Evidence synthesis
A systematic review of 41 reports evaluating prognostic instruments in obstetric intensive or high-dependency care by intended use, target outcome, validation stage, discrimination, calibration, risk of bias and clinical readiness. Evidence supports risk stratification more strongly than transportable individual risk prediction; no universally transportable stand-alone instrument for high-stakes decisions is established.
Design, provenance, metrics and authors
- Study design
- Systematic review
- Geography
- Evidence synthesis
- Initiative
- Global Critical Care Observatory
Public source
Full text is not publicly available here.
Interpret findings alongside the study design, population and limitations.
Submission or review does not mean acceptance. Preprints have not completed journal peer review.
Report a record correction →Critical careObstetric critical careMortalityPrediction modelsSystematic reviewRisk of bias
Capabilities involvedResearch & EpidemiologyData Science & StatisticsScientific Publication
Authors and manuscript affiliations +
microscopIA scientists
External collaborators
Record reviewed
Obstetric critical care
Rural–urban differences in critical care resource use and in-hospital outcomes among obstetric intensive care admissions in Colombia: a retrospective cohort study, 2014–2018
Submitted · Submitted at BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Principal investigators: Dr. Francisco Camargo-Assis
- Study design
- Retrospective cohort
- Geography
- Colombia
This study evaluates rural–urban differences in obstetric intensive-care admission, organ support, resource use, and maternal–fetal outcomes within a Colombian hospital cohort from 2014 through 2018.
Design, provenance, metrics and authors
- Study design
- Retrospective cohort
- Geography
- Colombia
- Initiative
- Global Critical Care Observatory
Public source
Full text is not publicly available here.
Interpret findings alongside the study design, population and limitations.
Submission or review does not mean acceptance. Preprints have not completed journal peer review.
Report a record correction →Critical careObstetric critical careRural healthHealth equityRetrospective cohortColombia
Selected study metrics +
Capabilities involvedResearch & EpidemiologyData Science & StatisticsScientific Publication
Authors and manuscript affiliations +
microscopIA scientists
Record reviewed
Health economics and decision science
Empirical instability of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio in probabilistic economic evaluation
Manuscript preparation
- Study design
- Probabilistic simulation study
- Geography
- Methodological
This methodological study evaluates the empirical stability of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio relative to net monetary benefit under probabilistic uncertainty, examining which metric communicates decision uncertainty more reliably.
Design, provenance, metrics and authors
- Study design
- Probabilistic simulation study
- Geography
- Methodological
- Initiative
- Global Health Economics and Decision Science Observatory
Public source
Full text is not publicly available here.
Interpret findings alongside the study design, population and limitations.
Report a record correction →Health economicsCost-effectivenessDecision scienceProbabilistic sensitivity analysisNet monetary benefit
Selected study metrics +
Capabilities involvedHealth EconomicsData Science & Statistics
Record reviewed
PUBLISHED BOOK CHAPTERS · CRITICAL CARE
Five chapters in Oncologic Critical Care
Five chapters on electrolyte disorders in oncologic critical care. Explore the first-edition and updated publisher records.
Contributions across editions
Five chapter topics connect the first edition (online in 2019; book ©2020) with updated 2026 entries. Each edition has its own authors and affiliations; the 2026 microscopIA affiliation is not applied retrospectively. These links show the publishing history, rather than ten distinct research projects.
Published microscopIA affiliation: Department of Health Systems Engineering and Global Health, microscopIA, Bogotá, Colombia.
A published Springer contribution on electrolyte disorders in critically ill patients with cancer. Each chapter is linked to its publisher record and shown here as scholarly output—not as a standalone clinical recommendation.
Oncologic Critical Care · ©2020 ↗- 01
CalciumElectrolytic Abnormalities Related to Calcium in Critically Ill Cancer Patients
Springer Nature · 2026
- 02
PhosphateElectrolytic Abnormalities Related to Phosphate in Critically Ill Cancer Patients
Springer Nature · 2026
- 03
SodiumElectrolytic Abnormalities Related to Sodium in Critically Ill Cancer Patients
Springer Nature · 2026
- 04
PotassiumElectrolytic Abnormalities Related to Potassium in Critically Ill Cancer Patients
Springer Nature · 2026
- 05
MagnesiumElectrolytic Abnormalities Related to Magnesium in Critically Ill Cancer Patients
Springer Nature · 2026
How to interpret the record
Three steps to read a record
Start with the question
Read the study aim, design and scope before interpreting its findings.
Check the attribution
Distinguish scientific governance, collaboration and independent member work.
Open the source
Check the publication stage, verification date and limits of what was verified.
“Governed” identifies research under microscopIA scientific responsibility and approval processes. “Collaboration” identifies shared work. Neither label changes the publication stage or the limits of the source.
Connect the work with the people.
Explore public professional profiles and membership pathways. Contributions and responsibilities are defined for each project.
YOUR NEXT STEP WITH MICROSCOPIA
Examine the work under scientific responsibility.
Prepare the conversation
Read the question, study design, geography and stated relationship. Open the public source and inspect the recorded publication stage.
Define the scope
A microscopIA-governed project and a documented collaboration remain separately attributed. Source verification does not establish a clinical recommendation.